Iron Deficiency and Heavy Periods

Iron deficiency anemia caused by heavy menstrual periods is a prevalent issue among women of childbearing age. 

• Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the body lacks sufficient iron to produce haemoglobin.
• Over 1.6 billion people globally suffer from anemia, with women of childbearing age representing about a third of all cases.
• Iron deficiency is the leading nutritional deficiency worldwide, contributing to at least half of the global anemia burden.

Causes of Iron Deficiency

• Negative iron balance arises due to inadequate dietary iron intake and/or chronic blood loss.
• Heavy menstrual bleeding is a common cause of chronic blood loss in women.
• Adolescents and women with inadequate dietary iron intake, often due to low consumption of meats or green vegetables, are at higher risk.

Impact of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (HMB)

• HMB can lead to significant iron loss, resulting in iron deficiency and anemia.
• Women with HMB often experience symptoms such as low energy, pallor, breathlessness, and fatigue.
• HMB affects approximately 18–38% of women of reproductive age and may increase as women approach menopause.

Consequences of Iron Deficiency Anemia

• Iron deficiency anemia affects quality of life, productivity, and cognitive function.
• Severe iron deficiency can lead to impaired red blood cell production and overall health deterioration.
• Young women, particularly those with poor diets, may struggle to meet iron needs during their menstrual cycles.

Interventions for Iron Deficiency Anemia

• Daily oral iron supplementation is a common intervention for women.
• Iron supplements have been shown to reduce the prevalence of anemia and improve haemoglobin levels.
• Addressing iron deficiency can enhance physical, cognitive, and psychological health.

Conclusion

Iron deficiency anemia and heavy menstrual bleeding are interconnected conditions that significantly impact the lives of reproductive-aged women. Addressing these issues through appropriate interventions such as iron supplementation and dietary adjustments is essential to improve health outcomes and overall quality of life.

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